Back in Time Today
Explore thirty overlooked yet intriguing historical episodes that unfolded on February 28th over the centuries.
From royal declarations and religious councils to natural disasters and political upheavals, each event tells a unique story that has shaped history in subtle yet significant ways. Join us as we delve into these fascinating occurrences.
1. 202 – Liu Bang Becomes Emperor of China
On February 28, 202, Liu Bang declared himself the Emperor of China, marking the beginning of the Han Dynasty. This event solidified his power after years of civil unrest following the collapse of the Qin Dynasty.
Liu Bang, originally a peasant, rose through the ranks due to his strategic prowess and charisma. His reign saw the strengthening of the central government and the flourishing of Confucianism as the state philosophy.
Despite initial challenges, Liu Bang’s leadership laid the foundation for a dynasty that would last over 400 years, profoundly impacting Chinese culture and governance.
2. 870 – Fourth Council of Constantinople Closes
The Fourth Council of Constantinople concluded on February 28, 870, after several months of theological debates. This ecumenical council addressed the Photian schism, a significant conflict within the Christian Church.
With representatives from the Eastern and Western Churches, the council’s decisions helped restore unity by deposing Patriarch Photius and reinstating Ignatius as Patriarch of Constantinople.
The council’s resolutions also emphasized the importance of adhering to established ecclesiastical traditions and doctrines. Despite ongoing tensions between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, this council was pivotal in church history.
3. 1525 – Aztec King Cuauhtémoc is Executed
Cuauhtémoc, the last Aztec emperor, was executed on February 28, 1525, by Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés. Captured during the fall of Tenochtitlán, Cuauhtémoc was initially spared due to his noble demeanor and leadership.
However, suspicions of rebellion led to his execution. As a symbol of Aztec resistance, Cuauhtémoc’s death marked a significant turning point in the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
His legacy endures in Mexican culture, representing courage and resistance against colonial forces. Today, Cuauhtémoc is revered as a national hero, embodying the spirit of defiance.
4. 1638 – Scottish National Covenant is Signed in Edinburgh
The Scottish National Covenant was signed on February 28, 1638, in Edinburgh, asserting Scotland’s commitment to maintaining its religious freedoms. This declaration opposed King Charles I’s attempts to impose Anglican practices on the Scottish Church.
The Covenant sparked a series of conflicts known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, challenging the royal authority and advocating for Presbyterianism.
By uniting various Scottish factions, the Covenant played a crucial role in shaping Scotland’s religious and political landscape. The legacy of this document persists, symbolizing the enduring struggle for religious and political autonomy.
5. 1835 – First Version of the Kalevala is Completed
On February 28, 1835, Elias Lönnrot completed the first version of the Kalevala, Finland’s national epic. Compiling ancient Finnish folklore and mythology, Lönnrot’s work preserved the oral traditions of the Finnish people.
The Kalevala played a pivotal role in the Finnish national awakening, fostering a sense of identity and cultural pride. Its influence extended beyond literature, inspiring composers like Jean Sibelius.
The epic’s themes of heroism, adventure, and nature continue to resonate with readers worldwide, highlighting the universal appeal of folklore in understanding cultural heritage.
6. 1844 – Explosion Aboard USS Princeton Kills Six
An explosion aboard the USS Princeton on February 28, 1844, resulted in the deaths of six people, including two U.S. Cabinet members. The disaster occurred during a demonstration of a new naval cannon, the “Peacemaker,” for government officials.
A malfunction in the cannon led to the tragedy, raising concerns about naval safety and technological advancements. The incident also had political repercussions, influencing future naval policies and the careers of key political figures.
Despite the tragedy, the USS Princeton continued to serve as a pioneering steam-powered warship, representing innovation and risk.
7. 1922 – United Kingdom Ends Protectorate over Egypt
On February 28, 1922, the United Kingdom formally ended its protectorate over Egypt, granting the country nominal independence.
This significant political shift followed years of Egyptian nationalist movements demanding self-governance and liberation from colonial rule.
While the end of the protectorate marked a step towards independence, British influence persisted in Egyptian affairs, particularly in defense and foreign policy matters.
This transition laid the groundwork for Egypt’s eventual full sovereignty in the mid-20th century. The period remains a pivotal chapter in Egypt’s modern history, symbolizing colonial resistance and the quest for national identity.
8. 1925 – Charlevoix-Kamouraska Earthquake Strikes Northeastern North America
On February 28, 1925, a powerful earthquake struck the Charlevoix-Kamouraska region of northeastern North America. The seismic event, measuring 6.2 on the Richter scale, caused significant damage to buildings and infrastructure.
Although there were no reported fatalities, the earthquake rattled communities across Quebec and the northeastern United States.
It highlighted the vulnerability of the region to seismic activity, leading to increased research and improvements in building codes.
The Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake remains one of the most significant seismic events in Canadian history, serving as a reminder of the power of natural forces.
9. 1947 – February 28 Incident in Taiwan Begins
The February 28 Incident, a pivotal event in Taiwan’s history, began on February 28, 1947. Triggered by the arrest of a cigarette vendor, widespread protests erupted against the Nationalist government.
The ensuing crackdown resulted in thousands of deaths and marked the beginning of a period of martial law known as the “White Terror.” The incident exposed deep-seated tensions between the Taiwanese population and the ruling authorities.
Commemorated annually, the February 28 Incident remains a symbol of the struggle for democracy and human rights in Taiwan, shaping the island’s political trajectory.
10. 1948 – Accra Riots in the Gold Coast (Now Ghana)
On February 28, 1948, riots erupted in Accra, the capital of the Gold Coast, now known as Ghana. The unrest followed a peaceful march by ex-servicemen demanding fair treatment and pensions, which was met with violence from colonial police.
The riots quickly spread, highlighting widespread discontent with British colonial rule. The events of 1948 played a crucial role in Ghana’s independence movement, galvanizing nationalist sentiments and leading to significant political changes.
Within a decade, the Gold Coast achieved independence, becoming the first sub-Saharan African colony to do so, setting a precedent for the continent.
11. 1958 – Floyd County School Bus Accident in Kentucky
A tragic school bus accident occurred on February 28, 1958, in Floyd County, Kentucky, resulting in the deaths of 27 children and the driver.
The bus plunged into the Levisa Fork River after colliding with a truck, leading to one of the deadliest school bus accidents in U.S. history.
This heartbreaking incident prompted changes in safety regulations and increased awareness of transportation safety for school children.
The Floyd County community, marked by loss, came together in mourning and support, demonstrating resilience in the face of tragedy and driving improvements in public safety measures.
12. 1959 – Discoverer 1 Spy Satellite Fails to Achieve Orbit
On February 28, 1959, the United States attempted to launch the Discoverer 1, a reconnaissance satellite designed for Cold War intelligence gathering.
Unfortunately, the satellite failed to achieve orbit, marking an early setback in the space race against the Soviet Union.
Despite this failure, the Discoverer program was pivotal in developing the Corona satellite series, which successfully provided valuable intelligence.
The lessons learned from Discoverer 1 contributed to advancements in satellite technology and space exploration, underscoring the importance of perseverance in scientific endeavors. The mission’s legacy is a testament to innovation and determination.
13. 1966 – NASA T-38 Crash Kills Astronauts Elliot See and Charles Bassett
On February 28, 1966, NASA astronauts Elliot See and Charles Bassett tragically died in a T-38 jet crash while preparing for their upcoming Gemini 9 mission.
The aircraft crashed into a building near the St. Louis airport during a training flight in poor weather conditions.
The loss of these promising astronauts was a profound tragedy for NASA, emphasizing the inherent risks of space exploration and the dedication of those involved.
In their memory, NASA continued to push the boundaries of space travel, honoring their contributions to the space program’s legacy and the pursuit of knowledge.
14. 1969 – Portugal Earthquake Hits Portugal, Spain, and Morocco
On February 28, 1969, a powerful earthquake struck Portugal, affecting parts of Spain and Morocco as well. Measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale, it was one of the strongest earthquakes in the region’s history.
The tremor caused widespread damage to infrastructure and left several people dead. The disaster prompted enhancements in seismic research and building standards, aiming to mitigate future risks.
The earthquake remains a significant event in Iberian history, highlighting the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters and the importance of preparedness in minimizing impacts and protecting communities.
15. 1974 – British General Election Ends in a Hung Parliament
The British general election held on February 28, 1974, resulted in a hung parliament, with no single party achieving a majority.
This political stalemate led to a minority Labour government under Harold Wilson, who was later forced to call another election within months. The uncertainty highlighted the challenges of coalition politics and electoral reform debates.
The election’s outcome reflected a period of economic strife and social change in the UK, influencing subsequent political strategies and policies. The 1974 election serves as a reminder of the complexities of democratic governance and the dynamics of political power.
16. 1974 – Jeremy Thorpe’s Liberal Party Achieves Biggest Vote Share Since 1929
In the February 28, 1974, general election, Jeremy Thorpe’s Liberal Party achieved its largest vote share since 1929, despite the overall outcome resulting in a hung parliament.
The Liberals’ success reflected growing public dissatisfaction with the two major parties, Labour and Conservative. Thorpe’s charismatic leadership and focus on issues like civil liberties and electoral reform resonated with voters.
Although the party gained significant support, it struggled to translate votes into seats due to the electoral system. Nevertheless, this achievement marked a resurgence for the Liberals, influencing the future trajectory of British politics and party dynamics.
17. 1975 – Moorgate Tube Crash in London Kills 43 People
On February 28, 1975, a catastrophic train crash occurred at Moorgate station in London, resulting in the deaths of 43 people. A Northern City Line train failed to stop and crashed into the tunnel’s end wall at high speed.
Investigations revealed driver error, prompting significant changes in safety protocols and the implementation of automatic braking systems.
The tragedy highlighted the importance of safety in public transportation, leading to improvements that have saved lives.
The Moorgate crash remains a poignant reminder of the need for vigilance and innovation in ensuring passenger safety in urban transit systems.
18. 1983 – Final Episode of MASH Airs (Nearly 110 Million Viewers)
On February 28, 1983, the final episode of the iconic TV series MASH aired, drawing nearly 110 million viewers. The episode, titled “Goodbye, Farewell and Amen,” became the most-watched broadcast in American television history at the time.
MASH’s blend of humor and poignant storytelling about a mobile army surgical hospital during the Korean War resonated with audiences. The show’s finale marked the end of an era in television, leaving a lasting impact on popular culture.
MASH’s legacy endures, celebrated for its innovative approach to narrative, character development, and addressing serious themes with wit.
19. 1985 – IRA Mortar Attack on RUC Station in Newry Kills Nine Officers
On February 28, 1985, a devastating IRA mortar attack on a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) station in Newry, Northern Ireland, resulted in the deaths of nine officers.
This attack was one of the deadliest during the Troubles, highlighting the intense conflict between Irish republican and loyalist factions. The use of homemade mortars demonstrated the IRA’s evolving tactics and the escalating violence in the region.
The Newry attack had profound implications, leading to increased security measures and reinforcing the need for a political solution to the Northern Ireland conflict. It remains a somber chapter in the history of the Troubles.
20. 1986 – Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme is Assassinated
On February 28, 1986, Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme was assassinated while walking home from the cinema in Stockholm. The shocking murder of the popular and influential leader sent ripples through Swedish society and the international community.
Palme’s dedication to social justice and non-alignment in international politics made him a prominent figure. Despite extensive investigations, his assassination remains unsolved, fueling speculation and conspiracy theories.
Palme’s legacy continues to influence Swedish politics and serves as a reminder of the vulnerabilities faced by political leaders. His commitment to equality and peace remains an enduring inspiration.
21. 1990 – Space Shuttle Atlantis is Launched on Mission STS-36
On February 28, 1990, the Space Shuttle Atlantis was launched on mission STS-36, a classified Department of Defense operation. The mission’s objectives were largely kept secret, fueling intrigue and speculation.
Despite the secrecy, the successful launch and return of Atlantis highlighted the versatility and reliability of the Space Shuttle program.
This mission demonstrated the shuttle’s capabilities in deploying satellites and conducting complex operations in space.
The Atlantis launch remains a testament to the collaboration between NASA and national security agencies, showcasing the intersection of space exploration and defense technology.
22. 1993 – Waco Siege Begins with ATF Raid on Branch Davidian Compound
The Waco Siege began on February 28, 1993, with an ATF raid on the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas. The raid aimed to arrest the group’s leader, David Koresh, and seize illegal weapons.
However, the operation faced unexpected resistance, leading to a 51-day standoff. The siege ended tragically with a fire that consumed the compound, resulting in the deaths of 76 people.
The Waco Siege raised questions about law enforcement tactics and religious freedom, prompting widespread media attention and public debate. It remains a controversial episode in U.S. history, highlighting the complexities of government intervention.
23. 1997 – Northern Iran Earthquake Kills Approximately 1,100 People
On February 28, 1997, a devastating earthquake struck northern Iran, killing approximately 1,100 people and injuring thousands more. The earthquake caused widespread destruction, particularly in rural areas where infrastructure was vulnerable.
The disaster prompted a significant humanitarian response, with international aid and relief efforts mobilizing to assist affected communities. The event underscored the need for improved building standards and disaster preparedness in seismically active regions.
The northern Iran earthquake remains a tragic reminder of the devastation caused by natural disasters and the importance of resilience and recovery efforts in the aftermath.
24. 1997 – Turkish Military Memorandum Leads to Government’s Collapse
On February 28, 1997, the Turkish military issued a memorandum to the government, demanding secular reforms and leading to the collapse of the Welfare Party-led coalition.
This event, known as the “post-modern coup,” reflected the military’s influence in Turkish politics and its role as a guardian of secularism.
The memorandum prompted the resignation of Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan, marking a significant turning point in Turkey’s political landscape.
The 1997 intervention highlighted ongoing tensions between secular and Islamist forces in Turkey, shaping the country’s political dynamics and influencing future governance and reforms.
25. 2001 – Nisqually Earthquake Damages Seattle Metropolitan Area
The Nisqually Earthquake struck on February 28, 2001, causing significant damage to the Seattle metropolitan area. Measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale, it was one of the most powerful earthquakes in the region’s history.
While there were no fatalities, the earthquake caused extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure, prompting a reevaluation of seismic safety standards.
The event highlighted the importance of preparedness and the need for resilient urban planning in earthquake-prone areas.
The Nisqually Earthquake remains a vivid reminder of the need for vigilance and innovation in protecting communities from natural disasters.
26. 2002 – Naroda Patiya Massacre During Gujarat Riots (97 Killed)
On February 28, 2002, the Naroda Patiya massacre occurred during the Gujarat riots, resulting in the deaths of 97 people. The violence was part of a larger communal conflict that erupted following the Godhra train burning.
The massacre highlighted deep-rooted religious tensions and raised concerns about the government’s response. The subsequent investigations and trials brought some perpetrators to justice, but the events remain a contentious issue in Indian society.
The Naroda Patiya massacre serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of communal violence and the ongoing struggle for justice and reconciliation in divided communities.
27. 2002 – Gulbarg Society Massacre During Gujarat Riots (69 Killed)
The Gulbarg Society massacre, part of the Gujarat riots, occurred on February 28, 2002, resulting in the deaths of 69 people. The attack targeted a predominantly Muslim neighborhood in Ahmedabad, following the Godhra train incident.
The violence highlighted the intensity of communal divisions and the challenges of maintaining peace and justice.
Despite legal proceedings and convictions, the massacre remains a painful chapter in India’s history, symbolizing the struggle for accountability and healing.
The Gulbarg Society massacre underscores the need for dialogue and reconciliation in addressing communal conflicts and fostering a harmonious society.
28. 2013 – Pope Benedict XVI Resigns (First Papal Resignation Since 1415)
On February 28, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI resigned from the papacy, becoming the first pope to do so since 1415. Citing health issues and the demands of the role, his resignation marked a significant moment in Catholic Church history.
The decision paved the way for the election of Pope Francis, ushering in a new era of leadership. Pope Benedict’s resignation highlighted the changing dynamics of the papacy and the need for adaptability in addressing contemporary challenges.
This unprecedented move remains a defining moment, reflecting the evolving nature of religious leadership and governance in the modern world.
29. 2023 – Train Collision in Greece Kills at Least 57 People
On February 28, 2023, a devastating train collision occurred in Greece, killing at least 57 people and injuring many more. The accident involved a passenger train and a freight train colliding head-on in central Greece.
The tragedy prompted a nationwide response, with emergency services and volunteers working tirelessly to assist victims and their families. The collision raised questions about railway safety standards and infrastructure maintenance.
This tragic event remains a somber reminder of the importance of safety measures and the human impact of transportation disasters, emphasizing the need for vigilant oversight and continuous improvements.
30. 2024 – India’s Second Spaceport Inaugurated by Prime Minister Modi
On February 28, 2024, India’s second spaceport was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, marking a significant milestone in the country’s space exploration efforts.
Located in Tamil Nadu, the new spaceport is designed to handle multiple launches, enhancing India’s capabilities in satellite deployment and space research.
The inauguration reflects India’s growing ambitions in the global space industry and its commitment to technological advancement. This development is expected to boost India’s economy by attracting international collaborations and investments.
The new spaceport symbolizes India’s dedication to innovation and leadership in space exploration, paving the way for future achievements.