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Archaeologists have unearthed a remarkable 4th-century octagonal church in Armenia, shedding light on the nation’s early Christian heritage.
This discovery, located in the ancient city of Artaxata, is believed to be the oldest known Christian church in Armenia and one of the earliest worldwide.
A Glimpse into Early Christianity
The unearthed structure features an octagonal design with cruciform extensions, a style characteristic of early Christian memorial buildings.
Radiocarbon dating of wooden platforms within the extensions places the church’s construction in the mid-4th century AD. This aligns with Armenia’s historical adoption of Christianity as the state religion in 301 AD, making it the first nation to do so.
Architectural Significance
Octagonal churches were previously unknown in Armenia, though common in the Eastern Mediterranean during the 4th century. The design symbolizes the resurrection of Jesus and was often used in baptisteries and martyr shrines.
The church’s floor, made of mortar and terracotta tiles, spans approximately 100 feet in diameter. Fragments of imported Mediterranean marble suggest it was once lavishly adorned.
Historical Context
Artaxata, the site of the discovery, served as the capital of the Kingdom of Armenia for nearly six centuries.
According to tradition, Gregory the Illuminator converted King Tiridates III to Christianity in this city, solidifying Armenia’s status as the first Christian state. The nearby medieval monastery of Khor Virap stands as a testament to this legacy.
Ongoing Research
Since 2018, a collaborative effort between the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia and the University of Münster has been exploring Artaxata.
This recent find not only provides insight into early Christian architecture but also underscores the city’s historical importance. Further excavations are anticipated to reveal more about Armenia’s rich Christian heritage.
This discovery offers a tangible connection to Armenia’s early Christian history, highlighting the nation’s pivotal role in the spread of Christianity.