Back in Time Today
May 22 has historically been a day of significant loss, marked by the passing of many influential figures across various fields. From emperors and poets to athletes and actors, this day reminds us of the legacies left behind by these remarkable individuals. Here, we reflect on 33 notable figures who left us on this date, each contributing uniquely to their realms and shaping the cultural and historical landscapes we know today.
1. Constantine the Great, Roman Emperor, 337
Constantine the Great, known for his reign as the first Christian Roman Emperor, left a profound impact on the Roman Empire. His establishment of Constantinople as the new capital was a defining move. Under his rule, Christianity became a favored religion, fundamentally altering its course. A visionary leader, he reshaped the empire’s governance and religious landscape, ensuring his place in history. Despite controversies surrounding his reign, Constantine’s influence remains undeniable. His legacy is celebrated in both ecclesiastical and secular histories, illustrating his multi-faceted impact on society.
2. Empress Genshō, Japanese Empress, 748
Empress Genshō of Japan, remembered for her serene and insightful reign, was one of the few women to hold imperial power in ancient Japan. Her governance was marked by political stability and the flourishing of culture. Genshō’s support for the arts and literature was renowned, helping to cultivate a rich cultural tapestry. Her reign ensured the continuation of her father’s legacy, and she is celebrated for her wise policies. Her influence on Japanese history is still acknowledged today, with her leadership style seen as both nurturing yet assertive.
3. Louis V, King of France, 987
Louis V, the last Carolingian king of France, reigned during a period of transition. Known as “Louis the Do-Nothing,” his short rule was marked by internal strife and external threats. Despite his moniker, his reign was crucial in paving the way for the Capetian dynasty. Although his death brought an end to his lineage’s hold on the throne, Louis V’s era is a pivotal moment in French history. It highlights the challenges of medieval kingship and the shifting tides of power that defined the era.
4. Emperor Go-Reizei, Japanese Emperor, 1068
Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan, ruling during the Heian period, is noted for his scholastic pursuits and refined court culture. His reign saw the continuation of peace and cultural development. Go-Reizei’s passion for literature and art enriched the imperial court, making it a center of cultural excellence. His leadership was characterized by a commitment to tradition and continuity. Despite the political complexities of the time, his era is remembered for its cultural achievements, which set a standard for future generations in Japanese history.
5. Edmund Beaufort, English Commander, 1455
Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, was a key figure in the Wars of the Roses. Known for his staunch loyalty to the Lancastrian cause, he played a pivotal role in the early battles. His strategic prowess and leadership in the field were well-regarded. Despite his ultimate defeat and death at the Battle of St. Albans, Beaufort’s legacy is that of a dedicated and courageous commander. His actions and decisions during the conflict left an indelible mark on English history.
6. Thomas Clifford, English Commander, 1455
Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, met his end at the Battle of St. Albans during the Wars of the Roses. Known for his fierce loyalty to the Lancastrian faction, Clifford was a celebrated military leader. His contributions to key battles were significant, earning him a place in history as a valiant warrior. Clifford’s demise was a blow to his allies, underscoring the chaotic nature of the period. His life and death are emblematic of the noble struggles that defined the Wars of the Roses.
7. Henry Percy, English Commander, 1455
Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, was a prominent nobleman during the Wars of the Roses. Known for his alignment with the Lancastrians, Percy’s military acumen was respected. His leadership in the Battle of St. Albans, where he met his fate, was marked by bravery. His death signified a turning point in the war, impacting the balance of power. Percy’s legacy is that of a dedicated warrior whose contributions to his faction left a lasting impression on English history.
8. Rita of Cascia, Italian Saint, 1457
Saint Rita of Cascia, revered for her life of piety and devotion, is a beloved figure in Catholic tradition. Known as the patron saint of impossible causes, her life was marked by suffering and miracles. Her deep faith and compassion were evident in her community service. Rita’s canonization recognized her enduring spiritual impact. Her story inspires many, symbolizing perseverance and faith. Her legacy continues through the devotion of countless followers, who see her life as a testament to unwavering belief and grace.
9. Francesco Guicciardini, Italian Historian, 1540
Francesco Guicciardini, an eminent Italian historian, is best known for his detailed analysis of political events. His works, particularly the “History of Italy,” offer valuable insights into Renaissance politics and society. Guicciardini’s analytical approach set a new standard for historical writing, blending factual narration with interpretive commentary. His friendships with influential figures like Machiavelli enriched his perspectives. Despite controversies, his legacy as a pioneering historian endures. His works continue to be studied for their depth and clarity, reflecting the complexities of his era.
10. Sher Shah Suri, Indian Emperor, 1545
Sher Shah Suri, remembered for his administrative genius, was a formidable ruler of medieval India. His reforms in currency, military, and infrastructure laid the groundwork for future governance. The Grand Trunk Road, a testament to his vision, remains a vital trade route. Suri’s reign, though brief, was marked by effective governance and innovation. His legacy is evident in the structures and policies that continued long after his death. His leadership exemplifies strategic foresight and commitment to progress, impacting India’s historical trajectory.
11. Martha Washington, First U.S. First Lady, 1802
Martha Washington, the inaugural First Lady of the United States, was admired for her grace and hospitality. Her role in shaping the early republic was pivotal, providing support to her husband, George Washington. Known for her warmth, she hosted many significant events at Mount Vernon. Her influence extended beyond her social duties, embodying the ideals of the new nation. Martha’s legacy is celebrated for her contributions to American history, reflecting the spirit and resilience of the nation’s founding era.
12. Julius Plücker, German Mathematician and Physicist, 1868
Julius Plücker, a pioneering German mathematician and physicist, is renowned for his work in analytic geometry and spectroscopy. His contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly the development of line geometry, were groundbreaking. Plücker’s research in the spectral analysis of gases paved the way for new scientific discoveries. His interdisciplinary approach bridged mathematics and physics, influencing future generations of scientists. Plücker’s legacy is celebrated in academic circles for his innovative thinking and dedication to expanding the boundaries of knowledge.
13. Victor Hugo, French Novelist, 1885
Victor Hugo, one of France’s most celebrated novelists, is best known for his masterpieces “Les Misérables” and “The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.” His works, rich in emotion and social commentary, captured the essence of 19th-century France. Hugo’s role in the Romantic literary movement was pivotal, influencing countless writers. A passionate advocate for social justice, his legacy extends beyond literature. Hugo’s contributions to culture and politics endure, with his works continuing to resonate worldwide. His influence remains a beacon of artistic and humanitarian ideals.
14. Augusta, Lady Gregory, Irish Playwright, 1932
Augusta, Lady Gregory, was a pioneering figure in the Irish Literary Revival. Her work as a playwright and co-founder of the Abbey Theatre was instrumental in promoting Irish culture. Gregory’s efforts to revive traditional folklore and language reflected her deep commitment to national identity. Her collaboration with prominent writers like W.B. Yeats enriched the literary landscape. Despite societal challenges, her influence on Irish theatre and culture remains profound, with her legacy celebrated for its cultural and historical significance.
15. Claude McKay, Jamaican-American Writer, 1948
Claude McKay, a central figure in the Harlem Renaissance, used his literary talents to explore themes of race and identity. Known for his powerful poetry and novels, McKay’s work resonated with the African American experience. His book “Home to Harlem” was acclaimed for its vivid portrayal of urban life. McKay’s influence extended beyond literature, contributing to the broader cultural and political discourse. His legacy endures as a voice for equality and justice, celebrating the richness of African American culture and history.
16. Chief Bender, American Baseball Player, 1954
Chief Bender, an iconic figure in American baseball, was renowned for his skillful pitching and sportsmanship. A member of the Ojibwe tribe, Bender broke barriers in the sport, excelling during an era of racial segregation. His prowess on the field earned him a place in the Baseball Hall of Fame. Bender’s story is one of talent and perseverance, inspiring future athletes. His legacy is celebrated for his contributions to the game and his role in challenging societal norms, paving the way for diversity in sports.
17. Langston Hughes, American Poet, 1967
Langston Hughes, a towering figure in American literature, was a leading voice of the Harlem Renaissance. His poetry and writings captured the essence of African American life, blending themes of hope and resilience. Hughes’s work, characterized by its accessibility and lyrical quality, resonated with diverse audiences. A champion of racial equality, his legacy extends beyond literature. Hughes’s influence is profound, inspiring generations of writers and activists. His words continue to echo as a testament to the enduring struggle for justice and cultural expression.
18. Cecil Day-Lewis, Anglo-Irish Poet, 1972
Cecil Day-Lewis, a distinguished Anglo-Irish poet and former Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, is celebrated for his lyrical and evocative poetry. His works, rich in imagery and emotion, explored themes of love and human experience. Day-Lewis’s contributions to literature extended to his role as a translator and critic. His influence on modern poetry is significant, with his legacy commemorated in literary circles. As a father of actor Daniel Day-Lewis, his cultural impact spans generations, reflecting a profound commitment to artistic expression.
19. Margaret Rutherford, English Actress, 1972
Margaret Rutherford, a beloved figure in English theatre and cinema, was renowned for her comedic roles and unique charm. Her portrayal of Miss Marple in Agatha Christie adaptations won her international acclaim. Rutherford’s career, marked by versatility and warmth, endeared her to audiences worldwide. Her contributions to the arts were recognized with numerous awards. Despite personal struggles, her legacy is celebrated for its impact on the film industry. Rutherford remains a symbol of enduring talent and charisma, captivating audiences with her memorable performances.
20. Lefty Grove, American Baseball Player, 1975
Lefty Grove, one of baseball’s greatest pitchers, was celebrated for his remarkable skill and competitive spirit. His career with the Philadelphia Athletics and Boston Red Sox is etched in the annals of sports history. Grove’s achievements, including multiple strikeout records, reflect his dominance on the mound. His induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame solidified his legacy. Grove’s influence extends beyond his athletic accomplishments, inspiring future generations of players with his dedication and passion for the game.
21. Wolfgang Reitherman, American Animator, 1985
Wolfgang Reitherman, a veteran Disney animator, brought joy to millions with his work on classic films like “The Jungle Book” and “The Aristocats.” His career at Disney spanned decades, contributing to the golden age of animation. Reitherman’s storytelling and animation skills captivated audiences, making him a beloved figure in the industry. His legacy is celebrated for its enduring impact on animation and cinematic history. Reitherman’s influence continues to inspire animators and filmmakers, leaving a lasting mark on popular culture.
22. Rocky Graziano, American Boxer, 1990
Rocky Graziano, a legendary figure in the world of boxing, was known for his ferocity and resilience in the ring. Born in New York City, Graziano’s rise from the streets to becoming a world middleweight champion is the stuff of legend. His battles with Tony Zale remain epic tales in boxing history. Graziano’s charisma and fighting style made him a fan favorite. His legacy is celebrated for its embodiment of the fighting spirit, inspiring countless athletes and boxing enthusiasts around the world.
23. John Derek, American Actor and Director, 1998
John Derek, known for his dual talent as an actor and director, was a captivating presence in Hollywood. His career, which included notable films like “All the King’s Men,” showcased his versatility and charisma. Derek’s directorial ventures, often featuring his then-wife Bo Derek, added to his fame. His influence on the industry is marked by his artistic vision and personal flair. Despite controversies, Derek’s legacy is acknowledged for his contributions to film, where his dynamic energy left an indelible impression.
24. Thurl Ravenscroft, American Voice Actor, 2005
Thurl Ravenscroft, the voice behind Tony the Tiger and numerous Disney characters, was an iconic figure in voice acting. His deep, resonant voice brought life to countless animated films and advertisements. Ravenscroft’s work with Disney, including singing “You’re a Mean One, Mr. Grinch,” left a lasting impression on audiences. His influence on the voice acting industry is profound, celebrated for his unique talent and versatility. Ravenscroft’s legacy continues to charm and entertain, resonating with generations through his unforgettable vocal performances.
25. Martin Gardner, American Mathematician, 2010
Martin Gardner, a luminary in recreational mathematics, was known for his engaging puzzles and thought-provoking writings. His column in “Scientific American” introduced countless readers to the joys of mathematical exploration. Gardner’s work bridged the gap between mathematics and the public, making complex concepts accessible. His influence on popular science and mathematics is immense, inspiring educators and enthusiasts alike. Gardner’s legacy is celebrated for its educational impact, encouraging curious minds to explore the wonders of mathematical thinking.
26. Marques Haynes, American Basketball Player, 2015
Marques Haynes, renowned for his extraordinary dribbling skills, was a standout player with the Harlem Globetrotters. His agility and showmanship on the basketball court captivated audiences worldwide. Haynes’s career, spanning decades, is a testament to his enduring talent and charisma. His influence on the sport, particularly in popularizing basketball, is celebrated. Haynes’s legacy continues through the countless players and fans inspired by his innovative style and dedication, solidifying his place in sports history as a trailblazer.
27. Velimir “Bata” Živojinović, Serbian Actor, 2016
Velimir “Bata” Živojinović, a celebrated Serbian actor, was known for his diverse roles in Yugoslav cinema. His performances in films like “Battle of Neretva” showcased his range and depth. Živojinović’s contribution to film and theatre earned him a place as a cultural icon. His influence extended beyond acting, involving political engagements and activism. Živojinović’s legacy is cherished in Serbian and international cinema, reflecting a career of passion and artistic dedication, inspiring future generations in the arts.
28. Nicky Hayden, American Motorcycle Racer, 2017
Nicky Hayden, affectionately known as the “Kentucky Kid,” was a beloved figure in motorcycle racing. His 2006 MotoGP World Championship victory marked a high point in his career. Hayden’s dedication and sportsmanship earned him respect both on and off the track. His untimely passing was a significant loss to the racing community. Hayden’s legacy endures through his remarkable achievements and the inspiration he provided to aspiring racers. His story remains a testament to passion and perseverance in the fast-paced world of motorsport.
29. Dina Merrill, American Actress, 2017
Dina Merrill, an esteemed actress and philanthropist, was known for her elegance and poise. Her roles in films such as “Operation Petticoat” showcased her versatility and charm. Merrill’s contributions to the arts were matched by her philanthropic efforts, supporting numerous cultural and charitable causes. Her legacy is celebrated for its impact on film and society, reflecting a life dedicated to excellence and service. Merrill’s influence continues to resonate, inspiring those in the arts and philanthropy with her grace and generosity.
30. Philip Roth, American Novelist, 2018
Philip Roth, a distinguished American novelist, was celebrated for his incisive exploration of identity and society. His works, including “Portnoy’s Complaint” and “American Pastoral,” delved into complex human experiences with wit and depth. Roth’s literary achievements earned him numerous accolades, cementing his place as a leading voice in contemporary literature. His legacy is marked by his contribution to the discourse on American life and culture. Roth’s storytelling continues to engage readers, offering profound insights into the human condition.
31. Jerry Sloan, American Basketball Coach, 2020
Jerry Sloan, a legendary basketball coach, was known for his tenacity and strategic acumen. His long tenure with the Utah Jazz solidified his reputation as one of the NBA’s greatest coaches. Sloan’s leadership style was characterized by discipline and resilience, earning him respect across the league. His influence on basketball is profound, with his coaching philosophy inspiring many. Sloan’s legacy is celebrated for his contributions to the sport, reflecting a career dedicated to excellence and mentorship, leaving a lasting impact on players and fans alike.
32. David Wilkie, Scottish Swimmer, 2024
David Wilkie, an Olympic champion swimmer from Scotland, was celebrated for his achievements in the 1976 Montreal Games. His gold medal victory in the 200-meter breaststroke made history, showcasing his exceptional talent. Wilkie’s influence in swimming extended beyond his competitive years, inspiring future generations. His dedication to the sport and his pioneering techniques left a lasting legacy. Wilkie’s contributions to athletics are commemorated, highlighting his impact on swimming and sportsmanship, remembered as a role model for aspiring athletes.
33. Darryl Hickman, American Actor, 2024
Darryl Hickman, a veteran actor with a career spanning decades, was known for his versatility and dedication to the craft. His roles in films and television, such as “Leave It to Beaver,” showcased his range and professionalism. Hickman’s influence on the entertainment industry extended beyond acting, with contributions as a writer and producer. His legacy is celebrated for its artistic impact, reflecting a lifelong commitment to storytelling. Hickman’s career remains a testament to perseverance and passion in the performing arts.